The TCP/IP model (also known as the ATIL model) is composed of four different layers:
- Application
- Transport
- Internet
- Link
It directly correlates to the OSI model. (out of specification)
It handles the transmission of packets and requests over networks.
Ports
When sending packets, they’ll be sent to a port. This may be defined in a location where it’ll automatically be fetched or be defined when sent.
i.e., Minecraft assumes :25565 unless specified otherwise.x
Stages
Application
The application layer interacts with applications and software and is the highest level of abstraction.
Common protocols to work with such as HTTP, HTTPS, FTP, etc. function on this level.
Transport
The transport layer handles end-to-end communication between the source and destination for application-layer requests.
The main function is that it decomposes the request down into packets.
Internet
The internet layer handles the routing of packet and information such as packet headers, i.e., sender and receiver IP addresses.
Link
The link(age) layer handles the transportation of the packet at a physical level.
It receives the packets, prepares them for transmission, transmits the packets and then receives them.
Order
- When sending a packet, the order progresses top-down.
- When receiving a packet, the order progresses bottom-up with each layer reversing actions performed in order for it to be used by the layer above.
