Evolution Theory
- Evolution is the process whereby useful features/behaviours are introduced into a species
- Features/behaviours are useful if they help the animal survive long enough to successfully reproduce
- To survive and reproduce, animals need to be well adapted to their environment
Caregiving Features
Certain features elicit caregiving from adults, with preference for these features being innately determined to ensure we care for our young.
Young mammals (incl. babies) have evolved to look like this as it helps them to survive.
These features include:
- big eyes
- squashed nose
- large forehead
Bowlby’s Theory of Attachment
Bowlby emphasised that attachment had evolved rather than learnt because it helped us survive.
Info
Bowlby’s Theory of Attachment and Behavioural Learning Theory contradict each other and can be used as criticisms for each other.
ASC MI
- Adaptive
- Social releasers
- Critical period
- Monotropy (singular attachment)
- Internal working model
ASC MI is an an acronym by Bowlby for each characteristic of his theory.
Adaptive
Attachments are adaptive and therefore help us to survive.
Social Releasers
Babies are both with the tendency to display certain innate behaviours which unlock the innate tendency of adults to care for them.
This is why Bowlby’s theory directly contrasts Behavioural Learning Theory. This is not learnt from the environment.
Social releasers help to ensure proximity and contact with the mother or attachment figure with reciprocity in mind.
Critical Period
Babies have to form an attachment with their caregiver during a critical period between 3 - 6 months.
Bowlby stated that is this does not happen, the child would be permanently damaged socially; emotionally; intellectually and physically.
Monotropy
A singular special attachment between a baby and their mother (primary attachment figure).
Internal Working Model
A model which serves as a template for future relationships.